
L
r -
GND
50pF
L
R3
IOK
LI
CC
/250p3
{\
--vWJVNP
RI
2.5 MEG.
_ DI
CI MIMI IN34A
365
pF
C5
.OIyF
R4
4 7K
4J_
5K
t C3
IOyF
Li9
Fig.
2. In
this two- transistor receiver
circuit, regenerative
feedback
is used in Q1 portion
of
the
circuit
while Q2
serves as a capacitively coupled
audio
amplifier. Use 2000 -ohm phones.
nais are
picked up by
a pair of modi-
fied
short-wave receivers and
converted, af-
ter amplification,
into d.c.
signals large
enough
to
operate
an
X -Y
recorder.
A con-
tinuous
curve
is
plotted showing
the
im-
purity
densities at all depths
within the
wafer.
A typical graph
can be seen in
Fig.
1.
Impurity
densities
through the wafer
can
be
plotted
at each point where a metal
dot
has been deposited.
The Profilometer
can measure impurity
densities
as low as one atom in
one billion
over distances
as small
as one ten -thou-
sandth of an inch, or, for impurity
densities
as high as ten
atoms per million, over
dis-
tances
as
small as one
millionth of an
inch. In
coming months,
the new instru-
ment may be used by
a number
of semi-
conductor
manufacturers to insure
the
quality
of their products.
Reader's
Circuit.
Submitted
by reader
James
F.
Kaminski
(23
Fairmeadow
Road,
Wilmington,
Mass.
01887), the
AM broad-
cast -band
receiver
shown in
Fig.
2 should
make an
excellent
"one- evening"
project
for
the beginner or student. James
writes
that
he developed the
circuit by
combining
and
modifying features found
in
several
other
designs. He built
the unit
as part
of
his
work for a Radio
Merit Badge
as an
Eagle
Scout.
Referring
to the
schematic, diode
Dl
and
pnp
transistor QI
work together as a re-
generative*
amplifier /detector
stage while
a second pnp unit,
Q2, serves as a capaci-
tively
coupled audio
amplifier. In
operation,
r.f.
signals picked up by
the
antenna
sys-
tem are selected by
tuned circuit LI -Cl
and coupled
through capacitor
C2
to
DI
and Ql.
Detector -stage base bias is sup-
plied
through 121 and
stabilized
by
emit-
ter resistor
R2, bypassed by
C3. Regenera-
tive r.f. feedback is
furnished by
coil L2,
shunted by regeneration
control
R3. The
detected audio
signal developed across
Ql's
collector load resistor,
R4,
is
coupled
to the
audio stage, Q2,
through C4,
with C5 serving
as
an
r.f. bypass to
minimize the
load's
effect
on
regenerative
circuit action.
Con-
ventional
2000 -ohm magnetic earphones
are
used for
the output.
James has
specified inexpensive,
readily
available parts in
his circuit.
Transistors
QI
and Q2
are
general
purpose pnp
units,
such as types
2N107, 2N404, or
2N1305.
A
standard broadcast
-band, ferrite
coil is
used
for Ll, while L2 consists
of 7 turns
of any
thin insulated wire (size
22 to
30).
L2
is
wound directly on, or
alongside,
LI, de-
pending on
the latter's size and form.
In
common with the majority of
simple
receiver circuits,
neither
parts
arrangement
*See the Transitips
section of
Solid State,
POPULAR
ELECTRONICS.
November, 1968
for a
discussion of
regenerative
circuits.
April,
1969
95
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